2009-03-14

大獨裁者 The Great Dictator - 卓別林 1941

HynkelDon't fight for slavery, fight for liberty!
別為奴役而戰,為自由而戰!

這是卓別林1941年自編自導自演的電影《大獨裁者》中,被誤以為是獨裁者興凱爾 (Hynkel) 的猶太理髮師 (註1) 在影片結尾處一句擲地有聲的台詞。

《大獨裁者》發行於1941年,那是美國非但尚未向「納粹德國」宣戰,且尚與「納粹德國」保有友好外交關係的時候 (註2),卓別林推出這樣一部對希特勒與納粹德國極盡挖苦、諷刺的電影,不得不令人佩服其作為一個電影人的道德勇氣,尤其本片末尾,卓別林所飾猶太理髮師的一番演講詞,有令人心弦為之顫動的震撼力!

本片除了卓別林那諧擬德語的胡說八道語令人莞爾之外,另個發出奇異妙音的場景則是,對於權力的追逐已幾近瘋狂狀態的獨裁者 Hynkel與那顆煞像地球儀的氣球共舞數分鐘,幻想世界在他掌握中的橋段。

本片末尾由猶太理髮師所發表的鏗鏘陳詞咸認為是卓別林本人的心聲,也是卓別林對於納粹德國所發出的怒吼,並點出,二次世界大戰的發生,間接肇因於科學發展造成資源不均與掠奪的結果,這是一個令人感動不已、百看不厭的場景!它激勵人心的程度並不下於 1960 年代馬丁路德金恩所發表「我有一個夢想」演說。

節錄這段演說如下,全文可以 Google 得到:

中文翻譯:

「很抱歉,我不想當皇帝,這不是我的本行,
我對統治或征服別人毫無興趣,
我只想盡全力助人,不分基督猶太黑人白人,
大家都要彼此扶助,人類理應如此,
為彼此的幸福而活而非彼此殘殺,
我們不要彼此仇恨鄙視,這個世界容得下所有人類,
大地豐饒富足,足以養活每個人過自由美好的生活,
可惜我們迷失了自己,
貪婪毒害了人的心靈,使世界因仇恨而故步自封,使世人陷於苦難和流血之中,
我們發展了快速的科技,卻封閉了自己,
機器讓我們享受富足,卻陷我們於欲求不滿,
知識使人憤世嫉俗,使心智精巧卻喪失慈悲情懷,
我們思考得太多,感覺得太少,
我們需要人性遠超越機器,
我們需要溫柔慈悲多於巧詐機智,
生命若缺乏這些品質將淪為暴力,人類將失去一切,
飛機收音機拉近了人們的距離,
而這些發明的本質,卻渴求人性的善良,渴求四海一家皆兄弟,和全人類的團結,
此時此刻...」

原文:

"I'm sorry but I don't want to be an Emperor - that's not my business I don't want to rule or conquer anyone. I should like to help everyone if possible, Jew, gentile, black man, white. We all want to help one another, human beings are likethat.

We want to live by each other's happiness, not by each other's misery. We don't want to hate and despise one another. In this world there is room for everyone and the good earth is rich and can provide for everyone. The way of life can be free and beautiful. But we have lost the way.

Greed has poisoned men's souls - has barricaded the world with hate; has goose-stepped us into misery and bloodshed. We have developed speed but we have shut ourselves in: machinery that gives abundance has left us in want. Our knowledge has made us cynical, our cleverness hard and unkind. We think too much and feel too little: More than machinery we need humanity; More than cleverness we need kindness and gentleness. Without these qualities, life will be violent and all will be lost.

The aeroplane and the radio have brought us closer together. The very nature of these inventions cries out for the goodnessin men, cries out for universal brotherhood for the unity of us all. Even now..."

註1:卓別林在本片中一人分飾二角。
註2:卓別林雖然是英國人,但本片係於美國發行。

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